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:''For the 17th-century English colonist in Massachusetts, see Samuel Maverick (colonist) (1602–1670).'' Samuel Augustus Maverick (July 23, 1803 – September 2, 1870) was a Texas lawyer, politician, land baron and signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence. His name is the source of the term "maverick," first cited in 1867, which means "independently minded." Various accounts of the origins of the term held that Maverick came to be considered independently minded by his fellow ranchers because he refused to brand his cattle.〔(Word Origins & the Biography of Sam Maverick Part 3 )〕 In fact, Maverick's failure to brand his cattle had little to do with independent mindedness, but reflected his lack of interest in ranching.〔 Unbranded cattle which were not part of the herd came to be labelled "mavericks". He is the grandfather of U.S. Congressman Maury Maverick, who coined the term gobbledygook (1944). == Early years == Samuel Augustus Maverick was the oldest son of Charleston businessman Samuel Maverick and his wife Elizabeth Anderson.〔Marks (1989), p. 4.〕 His Maverick ancestors had arrived in the New World in 1624, before emigrating to Barbados and later to Charleston.〔Marks (1989), p. 5.〕 After his paternal grandfather died, in 1793 his grandmother, Lydia, married American Revolutionary War general Robert Anderson.〔Marks (1989), p. 6.〕 In October 1802, his father married Anderson's daughter Elizabeth,〔Marks (1989), p. 9.〕 and nine months later, on July 23, 1803, Maverick was born at his family's summer home in Pendleton District, South Carolina.〔 To his family, Maverick was known as "Gus".〔 Over the next four years the family lived in Charleston,〔 and his mother bore four more children, one, of whom, Robert, lived less than a day. In September 1809, his sister Ann Caroline died of yellow fever.〔 His father, having watched his ten siblings succumb to the same disease as children,〔 moved his family permanently to Pendleton.〔 For the rest of his life, the elder Samuel Maverick cautioned his children to always live in a healthful climate so that they would not fall victim to a tropical disease.〔 While in Charleston, the elder Samuel had operated a successful business importing goods from England, the Netherlands, Germany, Cuba, and France.〔 After moving to Pendleton he gradually withdrew from his Charleston-based ventures and began to operate a small business in Pendleton. In 1814, the Maverick family expanded with the birth of another daughter, Lydia. Four years later, when Maverick was fifteen, his mother died.〔Marks (1989), p. 10.〕 It is likely that Maverick's early education took place at home.〔Marks (1989), p. 11.〕 In early 1822, he traveled to Ripton, Connecticut, to study under a tutor. In September of that year he was admitted to Yale University as a sophomore. At Yale, he was known as "Sam".〔Marks (1989), p. 12.〕 After graduating in 1825, Maverick returned to Pendleton and apprenticed under his father to learn business affairs. For the next year, his father deeded him land, and on February 4, 1826, he made his first land purchase, acquiring half a lot in Pendleton.〔Marks (1989), p. 14.〕 In 1828, Maverick traveled to Winchester, Virginia, to study law under Henry St. George Tucker, Sr.〔Marks (1989), p. 16.〕 He became licensed to practice law in Virginia on March 26, 1829, and several weeks later he received his license to practice in South Carolina. He soon established a law practice in Pendleton.〔Marks (1989), p. 17.〕 The following year he ran for a seat in the South Carolina legislature, advocating for a peaceful resolution to the tariff problem and against nullification. This was not a popular strategy, and Maverick placed 9th out of 13 candidates, gathering 1,628 votes.〔Marks (1989), pp.18–19.〕 Maverick relocated to Georgia in early 1833, where he unsuccessfully ran a gold mine. He returned home at the end of the year.〔Marks (1989), p. 20.〕 On January 24, 1834, he left Pendleton for Lauderdale County, Alabama, taking 25 of his father's slaves to operate a plantation his father had given him. They arrived in March.〔Marks (1989), p. 21.〕 Later that year his widowed sister, Mary Elizabeth, moved to Alabama to live near him with her three children.〔Marks (1989), p. 22.〕 Maverick did not enjoy running a plantation, primarily because he did not like supervising slaves.〔Marks (1989), p. 23.〕 On March 16, 1835, he left Alabama to go to Texas.〔Marks (1989), p. 24.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Samuel Maverick」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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